Elites, minorities and national discourse in Mountain Banat in the 20th century

Authors

  • Attila Carol Varga The Romanian Academy, "George Barițiu" Institute of History, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v8i1.25932

Keywords:

Elite, national minorities , Freemasonry , national discourse , Mountain Banat , Cornel Grofșorean

Abstract

This analysis focuses on the work of Cornel Grofșorean, Freemason and founder of the Banat-Crișana Social Institute. There, with the assistance of some intellectuals from the Banat region, he laid the foundations of a current of thought based on the sociological philosophy of Dimitrie Gusti. Adopting the monographic technique from the latter, Cornel Grofșorean and his colleagues began to scientifically study the issues of Banat society during the interwar period. The monographs written by the staff of the Banat-Crișana Social Institute brought to light various aspects of the Banat village that had hitherto been less known: the problem of depopulation and hygiene. The results of this research were published in Revista Institutului Social-Banat-Crișana [The Journal of the Banat-Crișana Social Institute]  between 1933 and 1946. In conferences and papers, Cornel Grofșorean himself also followed these ideas of public and preventive hygiene, connected with the trend of ideas that characterised Hungarian Freemasonry, especially in the first half of the 20th century.

Author Biography

Attila Carol Varga, The Romanian Academy, "George Barițiu" Institute of History, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5334-4741

https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/MGA-8872-2025

Dr. Attila Varga holds a PhD in History. He is a researcher at the "George Bariţiu" History Institute of the Romanian Academy and an associate researcher at Oxford Brookes University (UK). His doctoral thesis focused on the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church, the state and Freemasonry in Banat and Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. He has written a number of books and studies on the history of elites in Banat, Transylvania and Central and Eastern Europe. Subsequently, his scientific activity focused on interdisciplinary research on topics of great interest, such as the history of freemasonry and secret societies in Romania, Hungary and Sweden, eugenics in Central and Northern Europe, film history, the history of computer science and nuclear energy, the transfer of computer and nuclear technology in communist Romania.

References

Archives

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A Szabadkőműves Szervezetek Levéltára – Budapest. A Magyar Szimbolikus Nagypáholy mutatója (1886-1920). Kézirat / The Hungarian Symbolic Grand Lodge. (1886-1920). Manuscript.

A Szabadkőműves Szervezetek Levéltára – Budapest. A Magyar Szimbolikus Nagypáholy. LXXXVIII. Dél Páholy-Lugos (1892-1918) / The Hungarian Symbolic Grand Lodge. LXXXVIII. Dél Lodge-Lugos (1892-1918).

A Szabadkőműves Szervezetek Levéltára – Budapest. A Magyar Szimbolikus Nagypáholy. Martinovics Páholy – Budapest, 1.d. / The Hungarian Symbolic Grand Lodge. Martinovics Lodge-Budapest, 1.d.

Books

Albert, C. (2003). Documentele Institutului Social Banat-Crişana, vol. I, Campaniile monografice din Valea Almăjului și Naidăș / Documents of the Banat-Crișana Social Institute,I, Monographic Campaigns in Almăjului Valley and Naidăș. Timişoara: Mirton.

Albert, C. (2009). Documentele Institutului Social Banat-Crişana / Documents of the Banat-Crișana Social Institute, II, Corespondenţă / Correspondence. Timişoara: Mirton.

Bălan, C.C. (2001). Institutul Social Banat-Crișana, 1932-1946 / Banat-Crișana Social Institute, 1932-1946. Timișoara: Augusta.

Gerő, I. (1949). A Magyar szabadkőművesség története / History of the Hungarian Freemasonry. Budapest: [s.n.].

Grofşorean, C. (1926). Sfaturi sanitare / Health advice. Timişoara: Cartea Românească.

Grofşorean, C. (1944). Situaţia politică şi culturală a minorităţilor etnice din România la finele anului 1930 / The political and cultural situation of ethnic minorities in Romania at the end of the 1930s. Timişoara: [s.n.].

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Bălan, C.C. (2001). Institutul Social Banat-Crișana, 1932-1946 / Banat-Crişana Social Institute, 1932-1946. Timișoara: Augusta Publishing House.

Turda, M. (2014). Eugenism şi modernitate. Naţiune, Rasă şi Biopolitică în Europa (1870-1950) / Eugenics and modernity. Nation, Race and Biopolitics in Europe (1870-1950). Iaşi: Polirom.

Varga, A. (2010). Elite masonice maghiare. Loja Unio din Cluj (1886-1926) / Hungarian Masonic elites. Unio Lodge in Cluj (1886-1926). Cluj-Napoca: Argonaut.

Turda, M. (2016). Ideea de superioritate naţională în imperiul austro-ungar (1880-1918) / The ideea of national superiority in the austro-hungarian empire. Cluj-Napoca: Argonaut.

Studies

Albert, C. (2012). Cercetarea monografică regională interbelică: Cazul bănăţean / Regional monographic research in the interwar period: The case of the Bagnat region. Sociologie Românească, X(2), 64-72.

Varga, A. (2012). „Cocoşul şi găinile din Curtea cea Mare”. Toleranţă şi radicalism în discursul masonic maghiar din prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea / „The Rooster and the Chickens of the Great Court”. Tolerance and Radicalism in Hungarian Masonic Discourse in the First Half of the 20th Century. Trivium. Revistă de gândire simbolică, An IV, nr.1 (10), 55-66.

Varga, A. (2017). Anatomia unui eşec. Francmasoneria maghiară şi Comisia Păcii de la finele Primului Război Mondial (1917-1918) / Anatomy of a failure. Hungarian Freemasonry and the Peace Commission at the end of the First World War (1917-1918). Din modernitate spre contemporaneitate. Studii istorice dedicate lui George Cipăianu la împlinirea vârstei de 75 de ani/From modernity to contemporaneity. Historical studies dedicated to George Cipăianu on the occasion of his 75th birthday, 254-265. Cluj-Napoca: Edit. Argonaut.

Periodicals

Grofşorean, C. (1943). Mişcările culturale în sud estul european / Cultural movements in South East Europe Revista Institutului Social Banat-Crișana. Buletin istoric / Banat-Crisana Social Institute Journal. Historical Journal, XI, 473-483.

Năstuţă, S. (2012). Dimitrie Gusti în gândirea social-politică românească / Dimitrie Gusti in Romanian socio-political thought. Sociologie românească/Romanian Sociology, X(2), 5-7.

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Published

2025-05-15

How to Cite

Varga, A. C. (2025). Elites, minorities and national discourse in Mountain Banat in the 20th century. Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies, 8(1), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v8i1.25932