Triumphkreuze in mittelalterlichen Landkirchen und ihre Verbindung zur Altardekoration

Abstract

Triumphal Crosses in Medieval Rural Churches and their Connection to Altar Decoration

Medieval rural churches were decorated with various images. They were mainly found in connection with the altar – at the main altar in the chancel and the side altars in the nave of the church. The triumphal cross was located in the transitional zone between chancel and nave and was directly visible on entering a country church. Not a single medieval church interior has been preserved in its entirety. However, it is possible to explore the interplay of various elements in the church interior by using the surviving objects. This article explores the interrelationship between the triumphal cross and altar decoration in general on the basis of specific examples from the Nordic countries. It becomes clear that the aspect of visual layering of images, the partial withdrawal of the view and the resulting concentration on the visible image must be recognized as essential strategies of the triumphal cross in a spatial context. Unlike other decorative elements in the church interior, the triumphal cross is decidedly orientated towards the congregation gathered in the nave during mass. Thus, it becomes an element that both connects and divides the church interior. Like a membrane, it separates the liturgical ritual at the main altar from the congregation in the nave. When mass is not being celebrated, it becomes a visual reminder of Christ’s sacrificial death as an act of redemption of humankind.