Att studera symbolpolitik – fyra problem och tänkbara lösningar

Abstract

On the study of symbolic politics – four problems and possible solutions. The importance of symbolic politics is widely recognized, but the phenomenon is still largely scientifically unexplored. This article identifies four main problems with existing research on symbolic politics. Symbolic politics is poorly defined, resulting in theoretical vagueness. Typologies of different kinds of symbolism are lacking.The connection between symbolic politics and mainstream political science is unelaborated. Finally, there are methodological problems in establishing symbolic aspects of politics. Possible solutions to the four problems are suggested. Symbolic politics can be given a negative definition – as non-instrumental motives behind a political decision. Four different kinds of symbolic politics are identified: classifications, principles, examples, and expressions. Using these four concepts, it is demonstrated how symbolic variables can enhance theories on public policy-making, exemplified by Baumgartner and Jones’ punctuated equilibrium theory. The problem of establishing symbolic politics cannot be solved conclusively, but some provisional methods are suggested.