Sanktionerna mot Ryssland

Faktorer som påverkar deras effekter

Abstract

The sanctions against Russia: factors that affect their effects

In response to Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the West has imposed economic sanctions against Russia. The objective of the article is to study the effects on the Russian economy of the economic sanctions and identify factors that decrease or increase their effects. Which were the consequences of the sanctions 2014–2015 and of those imposed in 2022? Low oil prices strengthened the effects of the sanctions 2014–2015 but the Russian political economy undermined the effects. The outcome of the sanctions 2022 are ambiguous. Because of high energy prices, Russia has had high export earnings, which have diminished the effects of sanctions targeting Russia’s public finances. Simultaneously, the limitations on technology export to Russia have led to severe disturbances in the production of many branches. Furthermore, foreign companies are leaving Russia and there is considerable brain drain, which is predicted to increase the technology gap with the West and reduce Russia’s economic potential in the years to come.