Psychedelics as Non-Specific Amplifiers
Cultural Feedback Loops and Implications for Psychedelic Science. A Commentary on Return to the Real by Ten Berge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.27866Keywords:
Psychedelics, Cultural Feedback Loops, Set and setting, Chemiosocialities, Mystical experiences;, Reflexivity, Discourse analysis, Psychedelic neuroscienceAbstract
Return to the Real describes how culturally prevalent narratives shape psychedelic experience. Building on Ten Berge’s two-part analysis, our commentary argues that psychedelic effects are best understood within cultural feedback loops linking cultural set and setting, individual expectations, experience, and its articulation back into culture. On this view, psychedelics operate primarily as non-specific amplifiers and catalysts that magnify pre-existing beliefs, rather than revealing unmediated insights. We situate this thesis in relation to contemporary neuroscientific models of the psychedelic experience (CSTC, REBUS), humanistic and anthropological accounts, and evidence on socio-political belief change and clinical outcomes. We show how the apparent “disruptive” effects of psychedelics can often be reinterpreted as context-dependent intensifications. We then identify methodological and ideological obstacles to studying culture in psychedelic science and propose a mixed-methods program, including reflexivity, discourse analytics, neurophenomenology, and naturalistic cohort comparisons, to operationalize cultural variables. Recognizing culture’s constitutive role has ethical and epistemic consequences including caution with respect to metaphysical claims and attention to how psychedelics induce change in clinical settings. By bridging the humanities and cognitive neuroscience we can build a cumulative, culture-sensitive science of psychedelics.
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